About The Advent of a revolution of the new modified Stirling Engines, promoted by the aerospace and submarine sector

Also, all of them have other serious problems of strategic location, which also occur in wind farms and that are the high losses and high costs with final transmission of the generated energy. In general, the best locations - with higher productivities, lower thermal losses and lower electrical losses delivered - for solar or wind power are far from the largest points of consumption (from 100 to 500 km) and most countries do not have good transmission systems (at the required voltages at the required sales prices) and the final distribution of the cheap energy generated (some of them are not as sustainable as they are made), which in the end makes it very expensive and difficult (many projects win the auctions, even without any condition of their implantation in the places and in the anticipated periods and they are waiting for the miraculous governmental solutions of suitable receipts in the necessarily next lines, but still in projects and, worse, without resources. At the end, we do not have positive results for the people and the environment cause and everything comes down to: “I sell and I will pay for everything as arranged and you finance and guarantee that you buy (Governments), but then you pretend to receive and who pays").

In some special places (usually deserts without sandstorms, such as in the deserts of the USA, Chile and Peru or in the north, in less rainy places in Brazil), very protected and more close to the equator, direct indirect to reach the annual average of 14 hours / day, but only 9 to 11 hours / day with high intensity (annual average).

And there are no miracles, only the same thermal fluids, coming from the roofs and the walls (to continuously reheat the head), can only be used in small and medium-sized projects at home and on the premises (retail plus and without problems of premises, delivery and losses) of the future Stirling we propose), as well as the safe and local gasification of waste, biomass and other debris (as foreseen in our Volcano II CFB Brazil gasifier).
 
It is even worse that there will still be losses of up to 60% in the Stirling heliothermic PTC or ET, as in the Dish Stirling described above, that is, with a real effectiveness of only 30% to 45% in thermal capture (still without adding up generation losses), even though such thermal capture losses only reach 85% in the PV systems - "homemade" photovoltaic systems on sale in the World (already considered as outdated by some economic analysts and even by some scientists). Even "on-grid" and "grid-tie" PV systems have high electrical losses to be added (generation losses, loss of wiring and inverter losses) and require very expensive batteries that have to be switched to every 5 years (this is the manufacturer's maximum warranty). Also, unfortunately, according to other technical-economic studies, the whole system only lasts up to 20 years, due to the high wear and tear caused by the temperatures and reactions involved.

We are not against the current PV systems, but we understand that they need to move quickly to more efficient, cheaper, true, and environmentally cleaner systems (no expensive, highly polluting lead idem heavy lithium / cadmium, gases etc.).

We also sincerely believe that manufacturers of PV sets (mostly foreign) should use their high resources and good current efforts - quite employers - to build a very cheap, any size, but capable of economically joining, VIA MODERN, CHEAP AND EFFECTIVE THERMAL FLUIDS TO MOVE STIRLING ENGINES (or even small and cheap rankine sets, at the beginning) comes from urban and periurban or rural roofs and walls capture systems (solar capture only in parabolic troughs PTC or ET evacuated tubes, without batteries) more comes from WB2E – Waste and Biomass to Energy Systems -  collected and gasified in home, condominiums and buildings (basements or neighboring, free and secure sites) of the same sites and even collective (garbage, biomass, gardens, trees, animal and human semi-solid feces, sewer, food leftovers and all waste, included hospital trash, to be gasified to produce much clean and filtered syngas).

Thus, consumer gains over global energy retail (which they both already exploit) plus environmental gains would be huge and rapid. We think of a future in which even vehicles are self-recharging in their family or collective garages with their own electricity or neighbors and idem with pure hydrogen (produced locally by their own electricity) or, better, with their own syngas, coming from trash, biomass and local or community waste (with up to 55% hydrogen when purified, but with a common average of 46%, and also liquefiable and bottled like LPG).

It is of no benefit to the current PV Sector to research and invest heavily in new collecting materials (to reduce thermal losses), if the big problems of few daily hourly captures plus the great local problems in catchment and the difficult and very expensive storage, well described above, remain and even expand.

The whole world is already eagerly looking for this cheap, hybrid, cheap, homemade and collective system, but capable of producing and servicing well and retail (to be added in high volumes and locations), from a secluded residence - with capture solar on their roofs or walls more with the processing of garbage, leftover food and feces, more garden lawns, tree pruning and / or garbage from neighbors - more places with much more people like condominiums, residential buildings All these systems can already be added, as we have said (UNTIL WE INSIST), in only two subsystems up to cheap but already proven and proven: “24 HOURS CIRCULATING AND REHEATER ADVANCED VOLUMES OF THERMAL FLUID MORE SMALL TO MEDIUM NEW MODIFIED STIRLING ENGINES GENERATING MANY ELECTRICITY WITH CONTINUALLY HEATED BY THERMAL FLUID HEAD ABOVE”.

In the future, agro industries, food factories and other rural industries would come in the same way, but including the joint gasification of pasty and highly polluting feces from animals over biomass (grown on degraded land to recover and sell or not) and / or their waste processing more food leftovers, office waste, factory flooring, huge roofs and immense walls.

In addition to generating much of its own electricity and returning much water contained in dirty (reusable) raw materials and eliminating the highly polluting emissions of animal and human feces to rivers and subsoil’s, such advanced systems can make factories and rural / urban cooling facilities self-sufficient (via indirect absorption chillers, as already exist, via solar capture only with parabolic PTC or ET evacuated tubes, in the Swiss medicines, vaccines, foodstuffs and other factories more at Swiss airports but all unfortunately without gasification yours waste, local leftovers (including hazard risk) and all feces, debris etc., as we intend to implant with our very modern, clean and innovative hybrid System: “The Volcano II CFB Gasifier + PTC / ET Solar Capture Hybrid System”.

In the world, we already have many small and medium-sized companies in the solar field, intensively researching, developing and even manufacturing heliothermic solar capture systems for their own electrical production - without batteries storage - and / or heating / cooling, most of them using circulating thermal fluids and with high output on cheap PTC parabolic solar troughs or ET evacuated tubes, idem, and some still insisting on solar but homemade dishes with few units and no batteries ("Dish Stirling"), namely: GENES / Skargardarnasriksforbund; DIGESPO / FBK Group; LoCal Group / UC-EECS Department - Berkeley; APRISCUS; AustinSolar AC; GMZ Energy's; Edisun Heliostats; NEP Solar; Naked Energy; WMbuildings; Thermomax; Soleterno; Ablecompany and Gaia Solar.  

Going back to Stirling and to conclude, in financial and market terms, the pressures on the new engines will obviously still be huge and also starting from the manufacturers of Otto cycle engines, Diesel cycle, Brayton cycle and also rankine turbines or ORC) more of the company’s manufacturing oil products. They did so much at the beginning of the century and managed to overthrow the Stirling and already of interest at the time of big companies like Philips of the Netherlands. However, now they are also interested and are rapidly researching and developing their new Stirling, as in Advanco; Boeing Company and Science Corporation / STM Corp.; McDonnell Douglas Corporation; Cummins Engine Company; German company Schlaich; Bergermann / MERO; SOLO Kleinmotoren; WG Associates etc.

At the moment, the modified Stirling is already the best system to generate real, clean and cheap solar heating in individual houses, condominiums and small buildings.

We have about 40 medium-sized and large global companies searching, almost stealthily, for the new Stirling, almost all located near major engineering institutions like Berkeley, Stanford, Harvard, MIT, Purdue, Alabama and Ohio Universities all of USA more Oxford and Cambridge of England's Most Polytechnic of Zurich, St. Petersburg of Russia, DTSEE of Romania, UN Nicosia of Turkey, UN Cape Town and UN Stellenbosch of South Africa, UN South Walles of Australia, UN Catholic of Chile. Modestly, we maintain scientific contacts with researchers - always polite, collaborative and interested - of some.

The cited companies are rapidly researching and developing generator systems based on the new modified Stirling (most still via direct solar in a few hours / day or by direct burning of biomass or waste from their further processing of food or via steam in boilers or circulation of hot water or directly by solar heating in the head). Although still permitted in many countries (including developed ones) in Brazil, only urban waste and hospital waste cannot be burned for so much, but they can be clean gasified and with syngas, already cleaned and purified, be used for both or reheating of thermal fluid continuously (our proposals and patent applications).

Thus, in addition to the large companies described above, we also have many other small and medium-sized companies in the world researching, developing and even manufacturing small and medium Stirling motors for home, condominium or building power generation, most of them still powered by concentrated solar energy, namely: Stirling DK's (this via biomass burning); RGP systems (medium and large); Foster Miller; ADI-ADISOLAR thermal; Sunpulse 500; Segway; Infinia; KWK-Wandtherme Mit Microgen; Kontax Engineering Ltd; Great Ocean Energy (GOE) 25 KW; Bhkw-infothek; SOLO Kleinmotoren; SAIC - Company Background Stirling Advantage Inc; WG Associates; Rinnai; United Stirling; Unitedsun Systems; Stirling Tech (also with biomass), AFP Sunpower and Redhawk Energy (via various recoverable gases).

On the other hand, our goal is, in the future, to join via an additional generation of thermal fluids to generate electricity in the new small Stirling up to 40 households (demand from 2 KWh to 40 KWh) from two local sources added, of any size, and various thermal sources, provided they are sustainable. Thus, our future complete Stirling System will be able to combine, via circulating thermal fluids for up to 24 hours / day in the engine head, a first heliotérmic stoic photoelectric source - heliotérmic (HT or TES), clean, sustainable and with the captured thermal fluid between 200 ° and 350 ° C depending on the location and up to 9 hours / day, both on the roofs and walls of the residences (via PTC parabolic solar trough or ET vacuum tubes, both with circulating thermal fluid (in particular "molten salt") with the same thermal fluid produced now, for 24 hours / day and up to 600 ° C, from the continuous gasification (syngas) of local waste, sustainable biomasses, animal feces, sewage sludge, all as foreseen in our Volcano II gasifier CFB Brazil.

The heliothermic system with Stirling motor above differs very much from current electric generator or photovoltaic (PV) heating / cooling systems of any size, location and manufacturer and where losses of daily photonic captures reach 85% real (and this only catching up to 9 hours / day and better on cloudy days, with no dust, no sandstorms, no strong thermal underwater sand fall at night, no rain / haze / snow / frost, no cold winds, no nearby trees etc..). Also, the grid grid PV system requires very expensive batteries for storage, which guarantees only 5 years for manufacturers. Also, other studies indicate that the complete system lasts for a maximum of 20 years (wear and tear of the materials). We are not the ones who say this, but, yes, the data, some diagnoses and theses about actual efficiencies, actual losses and hours / day of capture carried out abroad, plus a complete diagnosis about Nov./2015 by the UNIVATES-RS Department of Engineering (Lajeado-RS) BRAZIL with hundreds of real PV data captured in the field and duly measured by INMETRO.
 
In the full Stirling System, the share of intense solar thermal capture will only occur for up to 9 hours, but the known photonic losses are 50% to 60% (not for new materials, but due to the very efficient concentrators / reflectors used). However, the gasifier part of the proposed new Stirling system will add up to the solar and will compensate for the low real hourly uptake - just like in most countries of the world - perfectly. After all, the System or gases clean for internal heating of the thermal fluid for up to 24 hours and / or uses the thermal fluid coming from the coil more of the inner chamber, in the case of our Volcano II CFB Brazil Gasifier.

Thus, large volumes of thermal fluid to continuously reheat the Stirling engine head (or engines) will be offered on a volume-weighted average at 450 ° C, most of which is at 600 ° C provided by the smallest gasifier for 24 hours between 200 ° C and 300 ° C from up to 9 hours / day of the solar PTC or ET system, all in the same place.

To generate small-scale home or household electricity (between 1 KW and 25 KW), the new Stirling Free-Piston Stirling Engines (FPSE) are the most recommended.

However, there are already large Kinematic Stirling engines - in final secret tests and even order fabrications (probably for NASA, USAF, USNavy / plus submarines more for the European Space Agency, Chinese etc.) to generate above 500 KW and some up to 2,500 KW (500 KW in each of the five independent cylinders and with added torque, such as in an Otto or Diesel engine crankshaft, but without explosion of the fuel-air mixture, but by continued thermal expansion of the air or gases).

By 2015, there have been already Stirling engines with more than 50,000 hours of operation and, obviously, no production of pollutants (or very low and more when using nitrogen as expander gas). The minimum generation cycle economically accepted without maintenance (operations in aircraft, space stations and submarines) is 5 thousand hours, equal to 01 year, which greatly benefits all its uses and in any places.

A new North American company from the new Stirling Sector (City of Athol; MA), since 1998, develops and tests new Stirling engines and has already had the following successes:

1) Long life (100,000 hours);

2) High thermal efficiency (38%);

3) Low maintenance cost (<US $ 0.01 / KWh);

4) The already competitive cost of capital (<US $ 500 / KW), considering the low maintenance cost, the long durability and the high environmental and energy gains;

5) Operation with low temperature requirement (525º C), perfectly reachable and continuously by the direct heliothermic solar source or, mainly, by much circulating solar fluid, as foreseen in our Volcano II CFB Brazil gasifier, isolated and medium to large and to reheat too much thermal fluid OR in our future solar hybrid generator system (parabolic troughs or tubes evacuated from roofs and walls, also to reheat circulating thermal fluid) and to add them with those of the Volcano II CFB gasifier in projects generators / heaters / coolers, urban or rural, of any size and by any source or quality of raw material (even with very low LCP -  Low Calorific Power Index) as urban or rural waste and / or biomass - grown for both degraded and non-degraded areas - more pasty feces, leftovers, debris, etc .;

6) Alternatively, each free piston produces 2100 Btu / KWh (about 123 KWth) of usable heating;

7) Stirling four-cylinder coaxial engine 12 to 14 inches in diameter (50 KWe per cylinder), hermetically sealed and using hydrogen as the working fluid.

Also, another US company (New Salem City, MA), also encouraged by NASA and USAF as reported, already operates and offers new 5-cylinder Stirling by moving and compressing the gases alternately (generation of up to 500 kWh per plunger and totaled up to 2,500 kWh / engine, that is, incredible 2.5 MWh, according to them).

On the other hand, the thermal and generating efficiencies of the future Stirling tend to increase greatly with the use of new materials (graphene, stannene, ruthenium chloride, bioplastics, bioresins etc.) and, especially, special local controllers such as Micro - CCHP "Combined Heat and Power" (in these cells, in addition to electricity can be produced heating or cooling and in any place, including in the space).

What are the Disadvantages that we are encountering in the beginning?

1) The still high costs and highly variable: currently, the Stirling engine price is between US $ 500 / KW and US $ 30,000 / KW, but with strong reduction trends to a good economic parity only with hydroelectric plants, of the expected strong environmental pressure plus the growing scarcity of these. Obviously, the costs of the real competitors of Stirling multi-thermal sources such as heliothermic solar energy (no longer considered photovoltaic’s) plus wind energy are much higher per MWh generated, than the new Stirling free air and recoverable gases, in addition to the new Stirling System there are no difficulties with suitable locations for installations, nor with transmission losses nor with their high transmission costs;

2) The engine needs a few minutes to warm up before producing power and the engine cannot change its energy quickly;

3) The durability of certain parts (correct shaft sealing, piston rings and bearing leakage, minimizing material stress and corrosion in the high temperature region as well as problems with abrasive particles generated in the piston rings) is still a problem.

Regarding actual costs versus honest and possible sales prices (reason of the still high Stirling prices), we know that they depend a lot less on the actual costs and well on the level of immediate and future appetite PLUS the expected and minimal time to capital recovery by shareholders PLUS of the high intellectual / scientific costs, possibly due to the strong performance of corporate cartels, including some special software, PLUS, especially, the expensive and even unnecessary costs of marketing, etc (innovative and truly good technologies for humans, animals and nature do not need expensive marketing because their dissemination to consumers is immediate and safe. In these cases, a false advertisement can very hinder in addition to raising many costs).

For years, nothing can be calculated from the possible final prices of new and advanced machines / equipment, goods and merchandise, theoretically benefiting the human being, based only on the weights, volumes, shares and real prices of their raw materials, (including R & D), plus their electrical components, taxes, transportation, etc. (which would add up to 95% of the final weight or volume of any new Stirling).

In fact, it was the time when new technical wonders were researched and developed, really, to improve and cheapen the life of the human being. In general, sales prices (heavily masked to disguise or cheat) of most new and advanced machines / equipment, goods, and merchandise account for between 200% and 1,000% of their actual total cost (always paid by consumers, including all transport and taxes). In today's economy, the principles state of art (manufacturers and their financial sources) is that no one can afford to take costs or to take risks.

After multi-country banks and multi-portfolios, most notably the NASDAQ stock market (and other highly concentrated ones), everything in the world turned to speculation and to make big profits and fortunes just for some smart shareholders plus cartels and other sectors that little or nothing at all, they really work for the real good of mankind (especially the environment), and all with goodwill, myopic views and even incentives from governments and even from the legislative and judicial branches of most countries. In practice, the Stock Exchanges, Insurers and Banks are dominating the human being and gradually getting hold of all the earthly goods (we do not know for what, but perhaps betting on the future scarcity that would greatly expand the speculations and gains). Although we cannot react in practice, we are only their employees. We have a rather cooperative and capitalist vision, but the continued and wide-open human exploitation and even its environmental enslavement, sequential and aggravating, is already going beyond the limits of the possible.

END